Pulmonary CT angiography

Pulmonary CT angiography is the best investigation for pulmonary embolism.

V/Q scan is done in pregnant women.

Shown below is a CT angiography demonstrating multiple filling defects both at the bifurcation (saddle pulmonary embolism) and in the pulmonary arteries.

CT angiography is the investigation of choice in aortic aneurysm.


Clinical prediction for pulmonary embolism: Well's, Modified Well's and Pulmonary Embolism Rule out Criteria (PERC)

Three-level score probability:

Two-level score probability:


Pulmonary embolism rule out criteria (PERC):

This is a quick OPD/casualty tool to rule out pulmonary embolism in patients with low clinical probability. It comprises eight clinical variables. If the patient meets all eight criteria, there is no need for further investigations. The variables include

1. Age <50 years

2. Heart rate <100 bpm

3. Sp02 ≥95%

4. No unilateral leg swelling

5. No hemoptysis

6. No recent trauma or surgery

7. No history of venous thromboembolism

8. No use of hormonal therapy.


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