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Photoelectric effect Vs Compton Effect

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 The photoelectric effect is an interaction between a  low  to intermediate  energy  X-ray beam and the  inner shell electron. Inner shell electron is ejected, the outer electron goes into inner orbit to occupy the space, and the extra energy is ejected as  characteristic radiation  and is called the  photoelectric effect. The  photoelectric effect  is of fundamental importance in diagnostic radiography since it is the primary method by which  contrast  is developed in  radiographs.  It allows for the differentiation of different types of tissues on the X-ray film. Very low-energy X-rays are not capable of producing the photoelectric effect. High energy X-rays are also not capable of photoelectric effect due to random scattering of electrons from the outer shell. This is known as the  Compton effect  and it can lead to  distortion  of the  image. ​​​​​​​ The  goal  of X-ray imag...
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CT in Aortic dissection

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CT  is the initial investigation for  aortic dissection  as it is more widely available and takes a  shorter time  when compared to MRI. MRI, though highly accurate for acute aortic disease evaluation, is usually confined to cases of severe renal insufficiency or when the use of iodinated contrast medium is absolutely contraindicated. The image below depicts CT chest showing Type A aortic dissection from the aortic root. (A) Axial view and (B) sagittal view. The arrows indicate the intimal flap. The image below shows the classification systems used for aortic dissection.  
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Cardiac CT

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Cardiac CT  is done in mid diastole assisted by  synchronous ECG gating.  The  least cardiac motion  occurs during diastole when the ventricles are passively filling. Prospective ECG triggering uses the ECG signal to control scanning so that X-rays are generated and projection data are acquired only during cardiac diastole. Cardiac CT is done in  CAD  and for  coronary calcium scoring.  Coronary calcium scoring denotes the degree of atherosclerosis and determines prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. It is an example of  multi-slice CT  or multidetector CT (MDCT). In MDCT multiple sections can be taken in one rotation. Spiral CT takes only one section in one rotation. The structure marked in the above CT image is the  left ventricle. Transverse CT  images are to be observed from the foot end of the supine patient, as if we are sitting at the patient's feet. So the right-hand side of the observer corresponds t...
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