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Photoelectric effect Vs Compton Effect

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 The photoelectric effect is an interaction between a  low  to intermediate  energy  X-ray beam and the  inner shell electron. Inner shell electron is ejected, the outer electron goes into inner orbit to occupy the space, and the extra energy is ejected as  characteristic radiation  and is called the  photoelectric effect. The  photoelectric effect  is of fundamental importance in diagnostic radiography since it is the primary method by which  contrast  is developed in  radiographs.  It allows for the differentiation of different types of tissues on the X-ray film. Very low-energy X-rays are not capable of producing the photoelectric effect. High energy X-rays are also not capable of photoelectric effect due to random scattering of electrons from the outer shell. This is known as the  Compton effect  and it can lead to  distortion  of the  image. ​​​​​​​ The  goal  of X-ray imag...
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CT in Aortic dissection

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CT  is the initial investigation for  aortic dissection  as it is more widely available and takes a  shorter time  when compared to MRI. MRI, though highly accurate for acute aortic disease evaluation, is usually confined to cases of severe renal insufficiency or when the use of iodinated contrast medium is absolutely contraindicated. The image below depicts CT chest showing Type A aortic dissection from the aortic root. (A) Axial view and (B) sagittal view. The arrows indicate the intimal flap. The image below shows the classification systems used for aortic dissection.  
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Cardiac tamponade | Beck's Triad | Cardiac Surgery | FULLY EXPLAINED

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Rapid accumulation of fluid or blood in the pericardial space causing increase in the intrapericardial pressure is called as cardiac tamponade. This results in  Compression of cardiac chambers. ↓ ↓ venous return ↓ ↓ cardiac output Causes Trauma  Progressive pericardial effusion due to tuber­culosis, viral, bacterial infections Often, uraemia can cause significant pericardial effusion Features   Hypotension.  Widened cardiac dullness.  Muffled or decreased heart sounds.  Increased venous pressure with raised jugular veins.  Pulsus paradoxus (pulse becomes weaker on inspiration than expiration). In severe cases, heart is unable to expand causing shock and often sudden death. Beck’s triad Hypotension  Muffled heart sounds Raised jugular venous pressure Investigation Chest X-ray and  US confirms the diagnosis.  Differential diagnosis:  Tension pneumothorax. Treatment Pericardial tap is done for immediate temporary relief under US g...
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