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Photoelectric effect Vs Compton Effect

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 The photoelectric effect is an interaction between a  low  to intermediate  energy  X-ray beam and the  inner shell electron. Inner shell electron is ejected, the outer electron goes into inner orbit to occupy the space, and the extra energy is ejected as  characteristic radiation  and is called the  photoelectric effect. The  photoelectric effect  is of fundamental importance in diagnostic radiography since it is the primary method by which  contrast  is developed in  radiographs.  It allows for the differentiation of different types of tissues on the X-ray film. Very low-energy X-rays are not capable of producing the photoelectric effect. High energy X-rays are also not capable of photoelectric effect due to random scattering of electrons from the outer shell. This is known as the  Compton effect  and it can lead to  distortion  of the  image. ​​​​​​​ The  goal  of X-ray imag...
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Non-contrast CT

Non-contrast CT  is the investigation of choice to identify  acute intracranial bleed  and hence is the  preliminary investigation  in  acute head injury . NCCT is also the investigation of choice for brain hemorrhage and calcification. For all the other neurological lesions, the investigation of choice is MRI. Investigation of choice in Neurology Generally, MRI is considered the best imaging for the spinal cord and nerves. Conditions in which MRI is used include: Optic neuritis Vestibular schwannoma Multiple sclerosis Pituitary adenoma Spinal cord tumor Neurofibroma Viral encephalitis Hippocampal volumetry CT scan  is preferred when the timing is critical. So, the investigation of choice for stroke is an  NCCT  This helps to rule out  hemorrhagic stroke. The investigation of choice for i schemic stroke  is a  diffusion-weighted MRI.
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Iodinated Contrast Materials

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lohexol  is a nonionic,  water-soluble  radiographic contrast medium. It is used to visualize the following structres: Arteries Veins Ventricles of the brain The urinary system Joints It can be used during computer tomography (CT scan) as well. It can be given orally, intravenously, or can be injected into the body cavity. lodixanol  has an osmolarity of 300 mosm which is i so-osmolar  to plasma. It is a non-ionic dimer with iodine particle ratio of 6:1. Contrast containing  iodine  is used in  CT,  IVP, and angiography. Since all these imaging modalities are based on  X-rays,  iodine is used as it is  radio-opaque . In contrast medium, iodine provides radio-opacity and the other elements act as carriers of iodine. These carriers increase the solubility and decrease the toxicity of iodine.
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